CUBA: AN ECOLOGICAL DISASTER
Text prepared by Dr. Manuel Cereijo, P.E.
During the last 25 years, the Cuban government,
as the almost absolute owner of the island's economy, has dumped all kinds of
waste and hazardous materials into Cuba's rivers, lakes and bays due to the
lack of real concern for the ecology and environmental regulations. At the
same time it has changed completely the course of rivers and the normal flow
of coastal ocean currents. Furthermore, it has been experimenting with
biotechnology, thus creating a potential for biological and chemical warfare.
It has also been involved in the construction of a nuclear power plant with
serious risks for all adjacent areas. Let us examine the facts on some of
these issues.
1. The Almendares River, the main river flowing
through the city of Havana, is the most contaminated river in the western
hemisphere. It is dead, with no animal life.
2. The Bay of Havana, the Bay of Matanzas
(about 100 miles east of Havana) and the Bay of Nipe, in the northeastern
coast are among the 10 most contaminated bays in the world.
3. The city of Matanzas is one of the most
contaminated cities in this hemisphere, proportional to its population of
150,000, due to industrial waste.
4. During the 1970's Castro capriciously built
over 2,100 dams throughout the country without a serious study of hydraulics
or their ecological impact. These dams are adversely affecting the ecology,
the fertility of the soil, and are causing the salt contamination of the
groundwater.
5. Again, following Castro's whims, many of the
so-called "pedraplenes" have been built along several coastal
areas. These are causeways built of sand and stones, with no asphalt. They
have altered the normal flow of coastal water currents, causing salt
contamination of the groundwater on the land close to these constructions.
6. Cuba and Florida have the largest coral
reefs in this hemisphere. Over 40% of the Cuban coral reefs have been
destroyed due to contamination. The flow of contaminated Cuban ocean water is
affecting the Florida reefs.
7. The water and sewer system in the main urban
areas of Cuba have not received any major maintenance in over 25 years. The
average age of these systems is over 60 years. Consequently, there is
contamination of the drinking water in most main urban areas due to the
mixing of drinking water and sewer waste through the transmission pipes. There
is a constant deposit of sewage in the streets of most main urban areas of
Cuba.
8. Since the mid 1980's Castro has been
developing centers dedicated to the research, development and manufacture of
biotechnological materials. Since 1992, Castro has spent over $1.2 billion on
these efforts. There are 12 sites dispersed throughout the capital city of
Havana. They are found mainly in Arroyo Naranjo, Playa Bejucal and Habana del
Este. Due to the sensitive work done in these sites, and their lack of adequate
quality control, these centers are a permanent risk to the population of Cuba
due to possible leakage of lethal material. There have been several reports
of evacuations from these areas due to hazardous leakage. These centers have
the potential to manufacture bacteriological and chemical warfare materials
and there is increasing evidence that this is happening.
9. The unfinished nuclear power plant at
Juragua presents another potential for ecological disaster, including huge
loss of human lives. There have been reports of over 24 violations of
standards set by the IAEC during the construction of this plant. If it is
completed, the possibilities of an accident are four times higher than
standard plants. Greenpeace has called plants like Juragua a "ticking time
bomb."
10. If the plant becomes operational, the
handling and disposal of the nuclear waste will present another threat to the
ecology, as well as to human life in Cuba, the southeastern United States,
the Caribbean and Central America.
Text prepared by Dr. Manuel Cereijo, P.E.
CUBAN INFORMATION COMMITTEE * P.O. Box 0645, Miami, FL 33144
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